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Espresso contains both dissolved and undissolved (or suspended) brew solids. Refractometers measure only the Total Dissolved


Solids (TDS). VST Syringe Filters are used to remove suspended solids that can interfere with refractive index readings. Before
taking a TDS measurement, suspended solids must be removed from the espresso, the clarified sample allowed to cool, and
sufficient time provided for CO₂ to diffuse out of solution, according to the procedures below. Following these steps ensures
accurate and repeatable results.

When comparing %TDS measurements made with a refractometer to those obtained by a dehydration method, the espresso
beverage sample to be dehydrated must first be filtered using a method similar to that recommended below.


Only 3–4 mL of liquid needs to be filtered per measurement. Ensure that the glass or cup used to cool the clarified espresso sample is at room temperature.

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